Dr. Leon Gilead

Certified dermatologist, dermatosurgeon and Mohs surgeon

MOHS surgery

Senior Mohs surgeon, one of the most experienced Mohs surgeons in Israel

  • Coordinating an appointment for patients applying or being referred for the removal of a skin tumor surgically using the MOHS method will be carried out with maximum priority. 
  • You must contact the clinic via text message (SMS) or WhatsApp to the phone number 050-5633002. 
  • You can send a fax or leave a message on the clinic's voicemail 02-5633033
  •  In principle, appointment coordination is done by SMS or WhatsApp and not by voice calls. 
  • We will get back to you as soon as possible to schedule a time for a pre-surgery examination. 


MOHS surgery is a special and very effective technique for removing skin tumors. The method was developed and first introduced by Dr. Frederick Edward Mohs from the University of Wisconsin in the USA in 1930 and is now used by doctors all over the world. Mohs surgery is special and different from other surgery techniques in that it allows for an immediate and complete microscopic examination of the entire tumor tissue removed, thereby ensuring the complete removal of all the roots and extensions of the tumor. Mohs surgery has the highest success rate of all other existing treatments for skin cancer in removing the tumor and preventing recurrence. 

It is not necessary to treat all skin cancers surgically using the MOHS method. This method is reserved for tumors that have returned and appeared after previous treatment/surgery, tumors that by their nature have a particularly high risk of recurrence or tumors that are located in areas where, cosmetically, maximum preservation of healthy skin is required to allow full reconstruction and without causing the formation of severe aesthetic defects following tumor resection. Mohs surgery is in the health basket for tumors in the head and neck area only. The surgery is performed by doctors who have appropriate training in dermatosurgery, general dermatology and histopathology of the skin and who have been trained to perform MOHS surgeries. The surgery is performed in conjunction with a skilled team of nurses and a special laboratory that enables the examination of the tissue. 

In the following pictures you can see photographs of the process of removing a tumor using the Mohs method (MOHS), starting with the appearance of the tumor before the operation, the appearance of the wound after the first excision stage (in which there is still a tumor in the wound), the appearance of the wound in the second stage after an additional layer of tissue has been removed according to the microscopic examination of the first stage showing a residual tumor, until the repair of the wound created following the removal of the tumor, by plastic surgery. 

Below are photographs of the wound when the stitches were removed, and the later result two months after the operation.

Questions and answers about MOHS surgeries

Mohs surgeries - foreknowledge and understanding reduce anxiety

The Advantages of Mohs Surgery in Removing Cancerous Growths Some skin cancers may appear deceptively small, but they are actually deeper within the skin than what is visible on the surface. These growths can have โ€œrootsโ€ extending into the deeper layers of the skin or along blood vessels, nerves, or scar tissue. Additionally, recurrent growths after partial removal can send out deeper extensions below the scar tissue formed after the previous surgery. One of the vulnerabilities of skin cancers lies in the fact that they are continuous growths originating from a single cell, with all their parts interconnected. Mohs surgery leverages this vulnerability and is specifically designed to meticulously track and remove these cancerous โ€œrootsโ€ until complete removal, thereby preventing further recurrence of the growth.
The surgeon must verify that there is indeed a need to analyze the lesion using the Mohs method. During the session, the patient gets to know the surgeon and can ask all the questions that bother him. The surgeon examines the patient and verifies that he does not suffer from problems that constitute a risk factor that could interfere with the operation or even prevent it from being performed. The surgeon explains the details of the operation to the patient and answers all questions so that the patient can express consent based on knowledge ("informed consent") about the operation he is to undergo. At the end of the examination, the surgeon coordinates with the patient a suitable time for the operation.
On the evening of the surgery, prepare an envelope containing all the medical documents related to the surgery: the referral letter, the commitment of the health insurance fund/the funding agency and the results of the laboratory tests if you were asked to prepare them in the pre-operative examination. It is advisable to go to bed early on the eve of the operation, get up early in the morning and eat a normal breakfast (in local anesthesia surgery there is no need to fast). All the medications that the patient usually takes should be taken unless The surgeon ordered otherwise in the pre-operative examination. On the morning of the operation, it is advisable to wash the head and wash the face thoroughly (after the operation, it is customary not to wet the area for up to 3 days). It is advisable to wear normal/old clothes (During the operation, the clothes may be stained with blood) and not to wear make-up. It is advisable to stock up on sandwiches and reading material or other means to pass the time since during the day there will be waiting periods which may be long. It is recommended to come with an escort (preferably no more than one) and arrange in advance for an escort/transportation home - the operation may be long and be very tiring.
The operation is performed simultaneously in several patients. The waiting time for the start of your operation depends on the surgeon's prior planning and your arrival time. Since the operation is performed under local anesthesia, music is played in the operating room for your pleasure and sometimes also according to your choice. At the end of each stage of the surgery, the patient goes out bandaged to the waiting room, and waits there until receiving the answer from the surgeon. In the first minutes after leaving the operating room, the bandage should be pressed on the wound to prevent bleeding. In case bleeding starts anyway, the patient can contact the nurse in the waiting room. The waiting time varies according to the load in the laboratory, the stages of the operation in the different patients and the severity of the disease. A "full day's entertainment" must be taken into account. During the wait it is possible and even desirable to drink and eat.
The anesthesia is carried out by injecting an anesthetic into the area of the skin surrounding the tumor. Naturally, the injection involves discomfort and even pain, which will usually be short, 30-60 seconds. In the following steps, we will try to prevent additional pain by adding an anesthetic before the effect of the previous injection wears out. After the operation no significant pain is expected except in exceptional cases. Usually, treatment with paracetamol/Optalgin is sufficient to alleviate the pain in such cases.
Yes. Every surgery leaves a scar. But - surgery using the Moss method leaves the minimum possible scar compared to other methods while optimally removing the cancerous tissue and the surgeon uses special techniques of plastic surgery to achieve optimal results.
In the first months the scar will be reddish, and only later will it clear up. The appearance of the scar will continue to improve during the first year. Exposure to the sun may cause the scar to develop a different shade than the normal skin, so it is recommended to avoid exposure to the sun in the first year. Scars may remain red, stiff, raised (hypertrophic scar or keloid) even a long time after surgery - results mainly related to the patient's wound healing properties.
First, it needs to be emphasized that most MOHS surgeries end successfully and easily without any complication, The following information is to help understand the possible rare complications and how to deal with them. Bleeding - During the operation, bleeding may be caused which may require an intervention to stop it using an electric needle. In such a case, a grounding sticker used to close the electrical circuit and prevent electrocution will be placed on the right hand rail. The patient must let the surgeon know if a pacemaker is installed in his body in order to prevent its operation from being interrupted by the treatment with the electric needle. Several hours after the end of the operation, bleeding may appear due to the disappearance of the adrenaline injected with the anesthetic. It is important to distinguish between bloody discharge - which stains the bandage in red and between bleeding which means that the bandage is filled with blood and blood begins to drip out of the bandage. Blood discharge is expected after every operation and is of no importance. It is not a reason for any intervention. On the other hand, when bleeding appears - the outer bandage must be changed and the wound should be pressed relentlessly for approx. 15-20 minutes. If the bleeding has not stopped, the outer bandage must be changed again and continuous local pressure should be applied. If even then the bleeding continues, contact the surgeon or the hospital (phone numbers to call are included in the discharge letter). Often, a hemorrhage may appear under the eye ("Shiner"), usually on the operated side, and sometimes when the operation was in the center of the face - on both sides. This side effect is due to the fact that the tissue under the eye is spongy and has the possibility of absorbing the blood remaining in the tissue or from small bleeding that continued after the surgery. This side effect is not important and the stain and swelling usually disappear within a week - 10 days at most. Nerve damage - Nerve damage during surgery may cause a disturbance in sensation in the surgical area, and in rare cases even local muscle weakness. In most cases where the tumor involves a significant nerve - the surgeon will explain to the patient the consequences of continuing the operation in light of the expected damage to the nerve and will obtain his consent to continue the operation. In some cases, small nerves may be damaged that the surgeon did not notice. These nerves are usually responsible for small areas and damage to them does not cause a significant functional or sensory disturbance. In most cases, after several months, the sensation in the operated area returns to normal. Hypersensitive reactions (allergy) - the use of local anesthesia may also cause side effects, from very mild to life-threatening, in extremely rare cases due to the patient's allergy to the anesthetic or for other allergans in the surgery room like latex. The anesthetic also contains adrenaline whose role is to cause the arteries to constrict at the site of the operation - to prevent the anesthetic from dispersing and to reduce bleeding from the tissue. Although this is a very low concentration of the substance, some patients may experience rapid heartbeats and a feeling of anxiety. This side effect passes after a short time and is of no importance. Infection - In rare cases there may be an infection in the surgical wound that will require drainage or antibiotic treatment. The signs of infection are pain, local and/or systemic fever, redness around the wound and swelling. In cases where the circumstances of the operation, its duration, the size of the wound or its location increase the risk of developing an infection - the surgeon instructs the patient to take prophylactic antibiotic treatment immediately after the operation. In cases where signs of infection have developed regardless of whether the patient is receiving antibiotic treatment or not - the surgeon should be contacted and informed as early as possible. Problems in wound healing - extremely rarely, wound healing may be extremely slow, disrupted or abnormal. In such situations, the development must be reported to the surgeon so that steps can be taken to correct the situation. In most cases the repair is simple and the final result will be very good. Pain - some of the above complications may be accompanied by pain and local discomfort. In the case of pain that does not go away, worsens, or does not respond to the anti-pain treatment recommended at the end of the operation - it is recommended to contact the surgeon, so that he will consider prescribing a more effective treatment to prevent the pain and/or schedule an examination to make sure that the pain is not related to one of the other complications that require treatment at an early stage.

Recommendations

Many opinions = wisdom of the masses

 

A highly professional doctor, the treatment experience was excellent and accordingly the results of the treatment. Thus, although the removal of the lesion was complex, the entire lesion was removed and the scar is invisible.

     
Nurit Mor
Lawyer 02.02.2024
 

From the moment I arrived at the clinic until the end of the surgery I needed, the treatment was wonderful. Dr. Gilead's attitude is very special. He is kind and knows how to allay concerns, explains and is attentive to every question, and on the other hand is very professional and solves the problem in the best possible way. Highly recommend

     
Hamel Ilana
28.01.2024
 

First of all, a humane attitude to the patient! Professional information, empathy for concern and fear, a comprehensive explanation at eye level of a patient who is anxious and does not understand medicine but wants to know in order to relax and feel in control of the situation. Professional treatment! Addressing the fear of pain, a delicate incision, suturing in order to have a scar so delicate as to not exist in a very exposed and aesthetic area

     
Lankri Simcha
10.12.2023
 

I have been treated by Dr. Gilead for a large number of years in countless Mhos surgeries and pre-cancerous skin lesions using nitrogen phototherapy and more. Dr. Gilead is one of the greatest experts in his field, a skilled dermatosurgeon from whom plastic surgeons can learn a lot! Beyond his professional skills, he is endowed with a sense of humor and personal grace. I recommended my family (who have light skin) to be one of his patients and they never stop thanking me for it. Highly recommend the cryogenic treatment as well!

     
Yoel Weichselbaum
Company manager 05.10.2023
 

An excellent doctor, above all else, both professionally and personally. Has excellent diagnoses. He welcomes his patients, shows great attention to them, understanding their situation and patiently and in detail answers all their questions. Explains in detail the therapeutic options available to the patient. I wish there were more doctors like him.

     
Miri Keret
20.09.2023
 

First of all a great man!! A great scholar ..not ashamed to use new things. An expert dermatologist and most importantly a 'mentch'. One who knows how to listen and solve (a very uncommon trait...with many doctors) highly recommended. I wish all doctors were as knowledgeable, innovative and humane as him, highly recommend

     
Avi Meyuhas
Company manager 27.08.2023
 

One of the most talented doctors in his field of expertise. An honest and decent man with a sense of humor. And above all a true professional just wonderful. I wish there will be many like him and our young doctors will learn from this amazing doctor. Well done !!!!

     
Moni Ben-Eli
Foreman 16.08.2023
 

As a patient of Dr. Gilead for several years, I am happy to recommend the excellent service he provides. The service provided by him enables early diagnosis and provides a professional, sensitive and quality response! This is why I am happy to continue to come to him in Jerusalem, for follow-up and treatments, even though I moved 3 years ago to live in the central area.

     
Rimona Wiesel
Pensioner 27.08.2023
 

Dr. Gilad treats me in a professional, considerate and friendly manner. He shows rare human sensitivity and professional responsibility. The medical service is excellent and the good advice helps in times of crisis. An excellent doctor and an outstanding person.

     
Yehuda Schwartz
Teacher and supervisor 22.08.2023
 

Due to an SCC type skin cancer on my face, I underwent surgery using the Mohs method by Dr. Gilead Leon. The surgery was performed in the most professional manner, and in an excellent atmosphere, after which I received careful guidance, and was invited for an audit. If I ever have to go through the process again, I will choose Dr. Leon Gilead again. A professional in every sense of the word.

     
Ofra Helfman
Music editor 08.15.2023
 

Dr Gilead has performed MOHS surgery on me 4 times. 2010 2014 2016 & 2018. I had an appointment with him today 15.8.23 and was greeted by him with his usual warmth. Today I went as a private patient because Dr.G is no longer attached to my Kupot Holim. I did not want any other treating me and happy that I decided that no other MOHS doctor will be my doctor. Lila Stein now 93 years young

     
Lila Stein
15.08.2023
 
 

Main areas of practice

Focused areas of interest = professionalism and skill

MOHS surgeries

Since 2004 I have been involved in surgeries using the Mohs method (MOHS) to remove cancerous skin tumors. As of the beginning of 2024, I have performed over 10,000 nose surgeries and I am considered one of the most senior nose surgeons in Israel

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1 min read

Skin cancer - diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

My main field of practice these days is early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin cancer of all types.

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1 min read

Dermoscopy

Dermoscopy is the examination of the skin using an optical device called a dermatoscope. As one of the first to practice dermoscopy in Israel (since 1996), I am considered one of the most experienced and senior in the field.

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1 min read

Spots - moles and skin lesions

Everyone has moles. Sometimes 40 or more. Moles are often thought of as a dark brown spot, but moles have a wide variety of appearances. In the past, a mole in a certain location on a woman's cheek was considered fashionable and therefore called a "grace point".

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1 min read

Blog

23Mar

ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื? ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื:

ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ืจ...

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื—ืงืœืื™ ื•ืชื™ืง ืžื”ืขืจื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื”. ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืจืฅ ืœืจื•ืคื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืคืœืกื˜ืจ; ื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉ"ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ". ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื•ืœื—.ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ืื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜: ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ืœืžืจืคืื”.

ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื': "ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ืกืชื ืคืฆืข" (ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ)ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืฃ. "ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ืจืง ืฉืคืฉื•ืฃ ืžื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื", ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืขืžื™ืก ืขื•ื“ ืืจื’ื– ืคืœืคืœื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืกื•ืง ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”... ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืคืฆืข ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœืžื˜ืจื“; ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืžื ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื, ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืคืš ืœื ื•ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืชื•ื—. ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื›ื— ืžื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื—ืœื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืจืข ื•ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ. ืชืืžื ื• ืชื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—.

ื›ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”"ืคืฆืข" ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ. ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืฉืœื•ื— "ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื" ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืกื—ื•ืก ื”ืชื•ืžืš ืฉืœ ื”ืืฃ, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื“ืžื”. ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—? ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืงืฆืจ, ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื™ื•ื ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžืชื™ืฉ. ื ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื”ืกืจื ื• ืฉื›ื‘ื”, ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค, ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื, ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื: ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืœืกื—ื•ืก, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ (ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื— ืœืืฃ). ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืื‘ื™ื, ื—ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืฉื•ื ืชื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ.

ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื‘': "ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื›ื›ื” ืงื‘ืขื ื•" (ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื) ื”ืคืขื, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืคืขื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื‘ืขื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืœื ื ืขื™ื "ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ" ืขืœ ื›ืชื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ื‘ื ื—ื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื–ื™ื”ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืฉื. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช? ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื›ื”, ืชืคืกื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, "ื™ืฉืŸ" ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืคื ื™ืžื”. ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—? ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืœืš ื—ืœืง. ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื. ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืคื’ืขื ื• ื‘ืกื—ื•ืก ืื• ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฃ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื: ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ืชืคืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืฉื” ืงื˜ื ื”. ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื’ืจื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื. ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื–ืจ ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฆ'ื™ืง-ืฆ'ืง, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืขื ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ืžืœื. 

ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™: ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ, ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืœื•ืื•. ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืืคืกื™. ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง "ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก", ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ื“ืจืžื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืืกืชื˜ื™ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ. ืืœ ืชื’ื™ื“ื• "ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื“" ื•ืืœ ืชื—ื›ื• ืฉื”ืคืฆืข ื™ื’ื“ืœ. ืื ืจืื™ืชื ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื“ืžื ืื• ืกืชื ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืœื›ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื—ื™ื•ืš. ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”, ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื•ืช - ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื (ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžื” ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช) ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื•ืคื ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื’ื ื ื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉืžืชื ืืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘, "ืœืชืคื•ืก" ืื•ืชื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฆืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

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09Jan

On the importance of removing tumors in Mohs surgery - in light of his recent passing and in memory of sports broadcaster Avi Meller

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ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ 1953-2025

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– (Mohs) ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืœื”ืกืจืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืจ ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืžืœื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื“ืจืŸ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ, ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืžื—ืœื” ืžืžืืจืช ื•ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช, ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืœื—ื™ื™ื.

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–: ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืœโ€‘ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคื ื™ื?

ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืช ืฉืžืฉ ืขื ื—ื•ืคื™ ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืคื ืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืงืจื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžื•ืกื’ืจ ืฉื”ืกื›ื ื” ื ืฉืงืคืช ื’ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ื›ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืืฆืœื ืœื ืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœื. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื’ืขื™ื ื”ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื: ืืฃ, ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื, ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื, ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืงื• ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ. ืืœื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื:

  • ื”ืขื•ืจ ื“ืง ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
  • ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืงืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช.
  • ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ืœื ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื.

ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื™ "ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–". ื–ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ืจืง ืื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ื‘ื”. ื›ืš ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืกืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจืงืžื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”.

ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ "ื‘ืขืจืš" ืขื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืืŸ:

  • ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื 100% ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืžืง.
  • ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื• ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืจืง ืฉื.
  • ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฆืœืงื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ 97โ€“99% ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื”, ืืœื ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื—ืœืžื” ืžืฉื•ืคืจื™ื.

ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ: ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืœื ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื•?

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ืฉื“ืจืŸ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื—ื–ืจืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื•. ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืขื ื’ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื. ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ:

  • ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืงืžื•ืช, ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืื• ื›ืœื™ ื“ื.
  • ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืคืฉื•ื˜.
  • ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื”, ืฉื”ื ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• "ืงื˜ืŸ" ืื• "ืคืฉื•ื˜" ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ื ื“ืžื”. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืกืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.

ืœืžื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–?

1. ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืฉ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืžืœืื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื: ืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืกื—ื•ืกื™ื, ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืžืขื•ืช, ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืจืง ืืกืชื˜ื™ื•ืช.

2. ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืจืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช, ืขื ืฆืœืงื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื—ืชื›ื™ื.

3. ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช

ื”ืกืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.

4. ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื

ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืื• ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื โ€“ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžื•ื–.

ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–?

ืœื ื›ืœ ื ื’ืข ืกืจื˜ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื•ื–, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช:

  • ืงืจืฆื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก (BCC) ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื
  • ืงืจืฆื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ืงืฉืงืฉ (SCC)
  • ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ื
  • ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื
  • ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžืจ ืจืงืžื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”
  • ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช

ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืœื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–?

ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”:

  • ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ.
  • ืื ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ื ื“ืจืฉ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื.
  • ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ืžืกืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ืืœ ืชืชืคืฉืจื• ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ืืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื ื’ืข ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ืืžื ื ื ืคื•ืฅ, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืจึพืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืœื. 

ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ:

  • ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืงื“
    ืœื‘ื™ืŸ
  • ืžืกืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืืจื•ืš, ื›ื•ืื‘ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘

ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ื”ื•ื ืœื "ืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืชื•ื—". ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกืจืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืจ ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ:

  • ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
  • ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“
  • ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืฉืจื•ืช.

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  • Emek Rafaim 43B Jerusalem
  • Appointments are not scheduled by voice over the phone

The fast and convenient option for scheduling appointments is by SMS or WhatsApp to the phone number 050-5633002. You can also schedule an appointment by filling in the details on the "Schedule an Appointment" page


to schedule an appointment.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืจืคืื”: ืขืžืง ืจืคืื™ื 43 ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื‘' ืงื•ืžื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” (ืžืขืœ ืงืคื” ืืจื•ืžื”)

ืžืกืจื•ืŸ (SMS) ืื• ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ 050-5633002 ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืชื™ืื•ื ืชื•ืจื™ื.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืœื ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื”.

ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžืจืคืื”:
  • 050-5633002 - ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
  • 050-5633002 - ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค
  • 02-5633033 - ืœื”ืฉืืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“
  • 02-5633033 - ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืคืงืกื™ื
  • ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ (ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ) ืœืžืจืคืื” 5633033@gmail.com
  • ืชื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ืœื ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืชื™ืื•ื ืชื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ืœื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ





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                                                                          ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืžืจืคืืช ื“"ืจ ืœื™-ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืขื“

                            ***ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื˜ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื“ืจ, ื•ืžื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“*** 

                                           ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 18? ืื ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•. 

  • ื›ืœืœื™
  • ืžืจืคืืช ื“"ืจ ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขื•ืจ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืืกืชื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื•-ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ื”ืžืจืคืื”") ืžื›ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื”, ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื”, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื• https://www.drgilead.com/ ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื” ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”: "ื”ืืชืจ" "ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื" ื•/ืื• "ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื").
  • ืžื˜ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ื ื” ืœืกืงื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืกืจ ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•/ืื• ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•/ืื• ื ืืกืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ.
  • ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉืงืคื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืื• ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื™ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื–ื”, ืืฉืจ ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•, ื•ื™ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžืชืš ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื” - ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืขืช ืœืขืช.
  • ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืชืš ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•. ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืžืจืคืื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืงืจื ืืช ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื. ืื ืื™ื ืš ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™.
  • ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข 
  • ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืืชืจ ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืื• ืฉื ืืกืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ื•/ืื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•.
  • ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื” ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ, ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืฉื, ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™), ื•ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” (ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™), (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข"). ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื•ืจ, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืฉื, ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™), ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื”  ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจืคื•ืื™, ืžืก' ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืื• ืžืกืžืš ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ืจื ืžืคื ื”. ื™ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืกื™ืจืชื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืืš ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช. ืื•ืœื, ืžืกื™ืจืช ื—ืœืงื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืœืœื ืžืกื™ืจืชื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœืœื ืžืกื™ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœืš, ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืืชืจ  (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•: "ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข").
  • ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืกืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื–ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื•ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช: ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช IP, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื’ืœื™ืฉื”, ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืงืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื™ื™ืืกืฃ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช Cookies ื•ืงื‘ืฆื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืคืจืง  Cookiesืžื˜ื”.
  • ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืข ื•ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืกืจ ื•/ืื• ืฉื™ื™ืืกืฃ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืชื• ื–ื• ืขื ื”ืžืจืคืื”, ื•/ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ื”ืฉืืจืช ืคื ื™ื•ืช (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื"), ื™ื™ืฉืžืจ ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื”.
  • ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื™ ืœื ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžืกื™ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืชื•, ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื.
  • ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ืœืฉื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžืจืคืื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืจืคืื”, ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืชืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœื™ื• ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ืžืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื‘, ืœืžืจืคืื” ื•/ืื• ืœืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื™ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš.
  • ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืžืกื•ืจ ื•/ืื• ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืกืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฉืžื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื•/ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ืจืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืกืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืืฃ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืื•ืจื— ื•ืœืœื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ ื™ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื”, ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’' ืžื˜ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ.
  • ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข
  • ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืกืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกื™ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื•/ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืคืขืœ, ืœื ื”ืœ, ืœืฉืคืจ, ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืชืจ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ), ื•ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื• ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•/ืื• ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•/ืื• ืœื›ืœืœ ื•/ืื• ืœื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืืชืจ, ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ื•, ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช, ืชืคืขื•ืœ, ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืจืžื™ื•ืช ื•/ืื• ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืื—ืจืช. ืžื™ื“ืข ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืžืกืจ ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™.
  • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ "Cookies" โ€“ ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืžืจืคืื”
  • ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื”ืืชืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "Cookies" ื•/ืื• "ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช") ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืคืขื•ืœื• ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ, ืœืฉื ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ืืชื” ืžื•ืกืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ืžื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืœืฉื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืืชืจ ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื’ืœื™ืฉืชื ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืฉื ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืืฃ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืฉืชื ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข.
  • ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืœืคื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืจืคืื”. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคืงืขื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ืฉืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ื— ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ (ืจืื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 17) ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ื“ืคื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”-IP ืฉืœื•, ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฉื”ื” ื‘ืืชืจ, ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืืชืจ, ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืชืจ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื’ืœืฉ, ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื”ื. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืคืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืจืง ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื.
  • ื”ืืชืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืฃ ื‘ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฆื“ ื’' โ€“ ืœืžืฉืœ ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช Google ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - Google Analytics, ื”ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื”. ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช - https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/technologies/ads/ , ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช -  https://www.facebook.com/policies/cookies/.
  • ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืขืฆืžืš ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ:
    Google privacy ;Facebook privacy . 
    ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืขืฆืžืš ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ:
    http://www.aboutads.info/choices; 
    https://www.youronlinechoices.com/uk/your-ad-choices .
    ื•ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื•ื’ืœ:
    google analytics opt-out
    google privacycheckup .
  • ืชื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ืฉืœืš. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ. ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ื ื˜ืจื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ.
  • ืžืกื™ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
  • ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืชื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื• ื•/ืื• ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืชื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:
  • ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•/ืื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช;
  • ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉื ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื (ืขื ืŸ, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™);
  • ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ืคืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืืช, ืชื ืื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•/ืื• ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฆืข ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื• ื ื™ืกื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•/ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื•, ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ;
  • ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•/ืื• ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื•/ืื• ืืกืคืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•/ืื• ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ื.
  • ื‘ืฉืœ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื;
  • ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื˜ืขื ื”, ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื•/ืื• ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื ื”ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•/ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื•/ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื”;
  • ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ืชืกื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจืคืื”, ื›ื™ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื–ืง ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉื ื•/ืื• ืœื’ื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื”, ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•/ืื• ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ืื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื–ืง ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™;
  • ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•/ืื• ื”ืžื—ืชื” ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืœืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื•/ืื• ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•.
  • ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื™ืฉื™, ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื• ื•/ืื• ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ.
  • ืžื™ื“ืข ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™
  • ื™ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ ืื• ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื•, ื•ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืคืง ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืจืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื• ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืžื™ื“ืข ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
  • ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
  • ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืžืกืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืืชืจ ื•ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื”, ื–ืืช ืชื•ืš ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช. ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืืชืจ ื•ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
  • ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ื”ืฆืคื ื”, ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื”ืืชืจ ื•ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœื• ื•ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœืขื“ื›ื ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื•ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืคืจืฆื•ืช ืื• ื”ืื–ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช.
  • ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœืกืคืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืืชืจ ื•ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ืคืจื™ืฆื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืœืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”. ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื” ื•/ืื• ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื›ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช, ืฉื”ืืชืจ ื™ืชื ื”ืœ ื›ืกื“ืจื•, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืขื”, ื•/ืื• ืฉื”ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืกืคื• ื•/ืื• ื ืžืกืจื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•/ืื• ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืœืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื”ืžืจืคืื” ืœื ืชื™ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ื•/ืื• ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ, ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืขืงื™ืคื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
  • ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช
  • ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืฉืž"ื-1981, ื”ื™ื ืš, ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžืš, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ (ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™" ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช) ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ืš ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื•ืืฃ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžืจืคืื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืื ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืื• ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
  • ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืชืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ืงืฉืชืš. ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ื•ืกื” ืชื—ืช ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ืœืžืขื˜ ืื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ื ืงื‘ืข ื”ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
  • ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื• ื ืฉืžืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ืš, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช "ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ" ื‘ืืชืจ, ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ.
  • ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ื•/ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื•/ืื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•, ืื• ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื ื™ื™ืชืš ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืš, ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื•, ืื ื ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช 5633033@gmail.com  ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืชืจ.
  • ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืœืžืจืคืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืš ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืฉืชืš. ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืชืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
  • ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชืš. ื›ื›ืœ ื•ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืชื‘ื—ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชืš, ืชืชืงืŸ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืื• ืชืžื—ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ. ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจ ืœืกืจื‘ ืœื‘ืงืฉื”, ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืชื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืš ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ.
  • ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2025.

Blog

23Mar

ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื? ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื:

ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ืจ...

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื—ืงืœืื™ ื•ืชื™ืง ืžื”ืขืจื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื”. ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืจืฅ ืœืจื•ืคื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืคืœืกื˜ืจ; ื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉ"ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ". ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื•ืœื—.ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ืื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜: ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ืœืžืจืคืื”.

ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื': "ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ืกืชื ืคืฆืข" (ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ)ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืฃ. "ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ืจืง ืฉืคืฉื•ืฃ ืžื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื", ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืขืžื™ืก ืขื•ื“ ืืจื’ื– ืคืœืคืœื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืกื•ืง ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”... ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืคืฆืข ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœืžื˜ืจื“; ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืžื ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื, ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืคืš ืœื ื•ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืชื•ื—. ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื›ื— ืžื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื—ืœื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืจืข ื•ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ. ืชืืžื ื• ืชื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—.

ื›ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”"ืคืฆืข" ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ. ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืฉืœื•ื— "ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื" ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืกื—ื•ืก ื”ืชื•ืžืš ืฉืœ ื”ืืฃ, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื“ืžื”. ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—? ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืงืฆืจ, ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื™ื•ื ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžืชื™ืฉ. ื ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื”ืกืจื ื• ืฉื›ื‘ื”, ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค, ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื, ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื: ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืœืกื—ื•ืก, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ (ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื— ืœืืฃ). ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืื‘ื™ื, ื—ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืฉื•ื ืชื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ.

ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื‘': "ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื›ื›ื” ืงื‘ืขื ื•" (ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื) ื”ืคืขื, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืคืขื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื‘ืขื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืœื ื ืขื™ื "ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ" ืขืœ ื›ืชื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ื‘ื ื—ื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื–ื™ื”ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืฉื. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช? ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื›ื”, ืชืคืกื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, "ื™ืฉืŸ" ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืคื ื™ืžื”. ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—? ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืœืš ื—ืœืง. ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื. ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืคื’ืขื ื• ื‘ืกื—ื•ืก ืื• ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฃ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื: ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ืชืคืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืฉื” ืงื˜ื ื”. ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื’ืจื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื. ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื–ืจ ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฆ'ื™ืง-ืฆ'ืง, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืขื ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ืžืœื. 

ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™: ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ, ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืœื•ืื•. ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืืคืกื™. ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง "ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก", ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ื“ืจืžื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืืกืชื˜ื™ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ. ืืœ ืชื’ื™ื“ื• "ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื“" ื•ืืœ ืชื—ื›ื• ืฉื”ืคืฆืข ื™ื’ื“ืœ. ืื ืจืื™ืชื ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื“ืžื ืื• ืกืชื ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืœื›ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื—ื™ื•ืš. ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”, ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื•ืช - ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื (ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžื” ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช) ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื•ืคื ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื’ื ื ื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉืžืชื ืืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘, "ืœืชืคื•ืก" ืื•ืชื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฆืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

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09Jan

On the importance of removing tumors in Mohs surgery - in light of his recent passing and in memory of sports broadcaster Avi Meller

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ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ 1953-2025

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– (Mohs) ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืœื”ืกืจืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืจ ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืžืœื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื“ืจืŸ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ, ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืžื—ืœื” ืžืžืืจืช ื•ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช, ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืœื—ื™ื™ื.

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–: ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืœโ€‘ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคื ื™ื?

ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืช ืฉืžืฉ ืขื ื—ื•ืคื™ ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืคื ืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืงืจื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžื•ืกื’ืจ ืฉื”ืกื›ื ื” ื ืฉืงืคืช ื’ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ื›ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืืฆืœื ืœื ืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœื. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื’ืขื™ื ื”ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื: ืืฃ, ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื, ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื, ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืงื• ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ. ืืœื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื:

  • ื”ืขื•ืจ ื“ืง ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
  • ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืงืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช.
  • ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ืœื ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื.

ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื™ "ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–". ื–ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ืจืง ืื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ื‘ื”. ื›ืš ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืกืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจืงืžื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”.

ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ "ื‘ืขืจืš" ืขื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืืŸ:

  • ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื 100% ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืžืง.
  • ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื• ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืจืง ืฉื.
  • ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฆืœืงื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ 97โ€“99% ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื”, ืืœื ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื—ืœืžื” ืžืฉื•ืคืจื™ื.

ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ: ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืœื ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื•?

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ืฉื“ืจืŸ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื—ื–ืจืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื•. ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืขื ื’ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื. ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ:

  • ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืงืžื•ืช, ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืื• ื›ืœื™ ื“ื.
  • ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืคืฉื•ื˜.
  • ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื”, ืฉื”ื ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• "ืงื˜ืŸ" ืื• "ืคืฉื•ื˜" ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ื ื“ืžื”. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืกืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.

ืœืžื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–?

1. ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืฉ

ื”ืคื ื™ื ืžืœืื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื: ืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืกื—ื•ืกื™ื, ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืžืขื•ืช, ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืจืง ืืกืชื˜ื™ื•ืช.

2. ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืจืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช, ืขื ืฆืœืงื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื—ืชื›ื™ื.

3. ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช

ื”ืกืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.

4. ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื

ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืื• ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื โ€“ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžื•ื–.

ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–?

ืœื ื›ืœ ื ื’ืข ืกืจื˜ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื•ื–, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช:

  • ืงืจืฆื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก (BCC) ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื
  • ืงืจืฆื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ืงืฉืงืฉ (SCC)
  • ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ื
  • ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื
  • ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžืจ ืจืงืžื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”
  • ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช

ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืœื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื–?

ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”:

  • ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ.
  • ืื ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ื ื“ืจืฉ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื.
  • ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ืžืกืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ืืœ ืชืชืคืฉืจื• ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ืืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื ื’ืข ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ืืžื ื ื ืคื•ืฅ, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืจึพืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืœื. 

ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ:

  • ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืงื“
    ืœื‘ื™ืŸ
  • ืžืกืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืืจื•ืš, ื›ื•ืื‘ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘

ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื– ื”ื•ื ืœื "ืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืชื•ื—". ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกืจืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืจ ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ:

  • ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
  • ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“
  • ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ืžืœืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืฉืจื•ืช.

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